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on 21-04-2015 12:39 PM
Bees
Colony collapse disorder
The mechanisms of CCD are still unknown, but many causes are currently being considered, such as pesticides, mites, fungus, beekeeping practices (such as the use of antibiotics or long-distance transportation of beehives), malnutrition, other pathogens, and immunodeficiencies. The current scientific consensus is that no single factor is causing CCD, but that some of these factors in combination may lead to CCD either additively or synergisticall
- Williams, Geoffrey R.; Tarpy, David R.; Vanengelsdorp, Dennis; Chauzat, Marie-Pierre; Cox-Foster, Diana L.; Delaplane, Keith S.; Neumann, Peter; Pettis, Jeffery S.; Rogers, Richard E. L.; Shutler, Dave (2010). "Colony Collapse Disorder in context". BioEssays 32 (10): 845–846. doi:10.1002/bies.201000075. PMID 20730842. Retrieved June 5, 2014.
- Jump up^ Le Conte, Yves; Ellis, Marion; Ritter, Wolfgang (2010)."Varroa mites and honey bee health: can Varroa explain part of the colony losses?" (PDF). Apidologie 41 (3): 353–363.doi:10.1051/apido/2010017. Retrieved May 28, 2014.
- Jump up^ Becher, Matthias A.; Osborne, Juliet L.; Thorbek, Pernille; Kennedy, Peter J.; Grimm, Volker (2013). "Towards a systems approach for understanding honeybee decline: a stocktaking and synthesis of exist.... Journal of Applied Ecology 50 (4): 868–880. doi:10.1111/1365-2664.12112. PMID 24223431. Retrieved May 28, 2014.
- Jump up^ Van Der Sluijs, Jeroen P; Simon-Delso, Noa; Goulson, Dave; Maxim, Laura; Bonmatin, Jean-Marc; Belzunces, Luc P (2013). "Neonicotinoids, bee disorders and the sustainability of pollinator services". Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 5 (3–4): 293–305.doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2013.05.007. Retrieved June 2014.
- Jump up^ USDA (October 17, 2012). Report on the National Stakeholders Conference on Honey Bee Health National Honey Bee Health Stakeho... (PDF) (Report). Retrieved June 4, 2014.